Periodontal Maintenance

Periodontal Disease

Adults over 35 lose more teeth to gum diseases (periodontal disease) than from cavities. Three out of four adults are affected at some time in their life. The best way to prevent cavities and periodontal disease is through good daily brushing and flossing habits.

The word periodontal means “around the tooth”. Periodontal diseases are infections that affect the tissues and bone that support teeth. As the tissues are damaged, pockets develop between the gums and the teeth. Healthy spaces are considered three millimeters or less. Generally, the more severe the disease, the greater the pocket depth and bone loss. The enlarged pockets allow harmful bacteria to grow and make it difficult to practice effective oral hygiene. As periodontal diseases progress, the supporting gum tissue and bone that holds teeth in place deteriorates. If left untreated, this leads to tooth loss.

What causes periodontal disease?

Periodontal disease and decay are both caused by bacterial plaque. Plaque is a colorless film, which sticks to your teeth at the gum line. Plaque constantly forms on your teeth. The result is inflammation, which can damage the attachment of the gums and bone to the teeth.

Plaque that is not removed regularly can harden into rough porous deposits called calculus, or tartar. Tartar is not the main cause of periodontal diseases, but the pores in tartar hold bacteria and toxins, which are impossible to remove even with regular brushing. Once the hardened tartar forms, it can only be removed when teeth are cleaned at the dental office. By thorough daily brushing and flossing you can remove these germs and help prevent periodontal disease

Several warning sings can signal a problem. If you notice any of the following, see your dentist:

Gums that bleed easily
Red, swollen, or tender gums
Gums that have pulled away from your teeth
Persistent bad breath
Pus between the teeth and gums
Loose or separating teeth
A change in the way your teeth fit together when you bit
A change in the fit of partial dentures

How do I know if I had periodontal disease?

It’s possible to have periodontal disease without apparent symptoms. That’s why regular dental checkups and periodontal examination are very important.

Contributing Factors

There are several factors that increase the risk of developing periodontal disease:

Smoking or chewing tobacco.
Systemic diseases, such as diabetes, blood cell disorder, heart conditions, and etc.
Medications or treatments. Some medications have side effects that reduce saliva.
Crowns and bridges.
Puberty, pregnancy, and oral contraceptives or any changes to the body’s hormone levels.
Genetics may play a role. Some patients may be predisposed to a more aggressive, severe type of periodontitis.
According to some studies, periodontal disease may be passed from parents to children and between couples.

Treating Periodontal Diseases

Periodontal treatment methods depend upon the type and severity of the disease. If the disease is caught very early, commonly known as gingivitis, and no damage has been done, you may simply be given instructions on improving your daily oral hygiene.

Even with these measures, some patients can possibly develop more severe periodontal disease that must be treated.